●  4PMx is pursuing non-invasive stimulation-based pain neuromodulation from the central nervous system (CNS) 

                                                                            and peripheral nervous system (PNS) perspectives.    

                                                                                     ●  As non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), we are developing transcranial current stimulation (tCS) and 

                                                                           transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques optimized for pain neuromodulation in animals and humans.

                                                                                    ●  We are also focusing on developing microcurrent stimulation as peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS).